Pain is the most common symptom that causes suffering to millions of people and for a doctor, pain treatment is one of the first tasks. Thanks to numerous electrophysiological, morphological, neurochemical and clinical studies, significant material has been accumulated to date on the study of pain mechanisms. Experimental data on the role of free nerve endings in the perception of damaging stimuli were obtained, a clear connection was revealed between the A-delta and C-afferent fibers of peripheral nerves with pain sensations in humans, the main ascending pathways and nerve structures of the spinal cord, brain stem, visual tubercle and cerebral cortex, which transmit and process pain information, were traced. Neurotransmitters mediating pain reactions have been identified. The structures of the spinal cord and brain, chemicals and their receptors providing pain suppression have been established. Subtle mechanisms of interneuronal interaction in changing pain sensitivity in inflammation, trauma, ischemia, and damage to nerve structures are shown. And finally, the important role of the psychological state of a person in the perception of pain is clearly demonstrated. Understanding the essence of pain, the mechanisms that regulate pain sensitivity, and a clear understanding of the etiopathogenesis of pain syndromes are the key to their successful treatment.
Zakharyin-Ged zone, somatogenic pain, reflected pain, nociceptive pain, neurogenic pain, psychogenic pain
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